How Long Do German Shepherds Live? Life Expectancy & Health Issues

If you own or have owned a German Shepherd, you probably won’t be surprised to hear they’re the second most popular dog breed in the United States. With their loyal temperament, high intelligence, and protective instincts, it’s easy to see why German Shepherds have become beloved companions in so many homes.

Whether your German Shepherd is your hiking buddy, home security system, or favorite snuggle partner, there’s no doubt they’re a treasured member of the family. Naturally, you want to do everything you can to support their health and well-being. In this blog, we’ll cover the average German Shepherd lifespan, common health issues to watch for, and ways to help your dog live a long, happy, and healthy life.

How Long Do German Shepherds Live?

This is a somewhat complicated question that is confused by the conflicting information about the German Shepherd’s life span out on the web. In addition, you must consider if your German Shepherd is an American-bred German Shepherd or a German-bred German Shepherd.

While some websites will list German Shepherd life expectancy as 10-14 years, this unfortunately is generally considered to be incorrect. The American Kennel Club (AKC) registers the breed here in the United States and lists German Shepherd life expectancy at 7-10 years of age.

Common German Shepherd Health Issues

Here are some of the common German Shepherd health issues. While none of these is a guarantee in the slightest, forewarned is forearmed. If you know what the potential problem areas are, you can be on the lookout for any symptoms arising. Then, because you know what to look out for, you can get your dog the care he needs sooner rather than later. Also, the knowledge of potential German Shepherd health problems will allow you to take preventative measures that will support your dog being healthy and happy for a long time.

Hip dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is a common joint condition in German Shepherds, caused by the abnormal development of the ball-and-socket joint in the hip. Instead of moving smoothly, the joint rubs and grinds, leading to pain, inflammation, and eventually, loss of mobility.

While genetics play a major role, factors like rapid growth, improper exercise, poor nutrition, and excess weight can all contribute to the development and progression of hip dysplasia.

To help support healthy joint development:

• Feed large breed puppy food designed to promote steady growth and reduce the risk of joint issues.

• Avoid high-impact exercise on hard surfaces, especially in puppies.

• Keep your dog at a healthy weight to reduce stress on the hips and joints.

• Provide consistent, moderate exercise to keep muscles strong and support joint function.

Early prevention and regular vet checkups can help manage or delay symptoms of hip dysplasia and keep your German Shepherd moving comfortably for years to come.

Arthritis 

German Shepherds may develop osteoarthritis. While common in many dogs, larger breeds like German Shepherds may be more prone to developing this condition. Also known as Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD), this is a progressively worsening condition caused by inflammation of the joint due to the deterioration, or weakening, of the cartilage. Cartilage is what pads the joint bones, allowing them to move smoothly, and painlessly against each other. The loss of cartilage leads to pain, inflammation, a decrease in range of motion, and painful bone spurs. This disease most commonly affects the limbs and lower spine.

3. Bloat

Deep chested dogs like German Shepherds are prone to Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (GDV), or bloat. This is a life-threatening condition where the stomach fills with gas and rotates, causing severe complications. Signs of GDV are: 

1. Dry retching

2. Distended stomach

3. Restlessness

4. Abdominal discomfort

Seek medical attention immediately if your dog has these symptoms.

How to Improve Your German Shepherd’s Health and Lifespan

Responsible breeding

Choose a reputable breeder when bringing home a German Shepherd. It’s an unfortunate reality that not all dog owners are breeding intending to improve the breed and produce healthy dogs. German Shepherds not bred with care are far more likely to be on the wrong side of genetics when it comes to their legendary back and joint problems.

Here are some tips for evaluating a potential breeder:

1. It’s a good idea to visit the puppies on site so you can see how the operation looks, sounds, and smells.
2. The breeder should be able to answer all your questions.
3. The breeder should be evaluating you as well and trying to determine if you’re going to provide a good home for one of their dogs.
4. A good breeder’s puppies will never be for sale at a pet store.
5. They have done health testing on the parent dogs.
6. If you can’t keep the dog, the breeder should agree to take it back.

Nutrition

While commercial dog food may technically provide all the nutrients a dog needs, they are often made with low-quality ingredients. Feeding your German Shepherd high-quality food is one of the best ways you can support your dog’s overall health. Look for a food that:

1. Doesn’t contain any corn, animal by-products, artificial colors, flavors, or preservatives. Brace yourself before reading your dog’s current food ingredient label-it’s not going to be pretty.
2. Meat should be the first ingredient. Ideally, it’s “meat”, not “meat meal”. Meat meal can be further down on the ingredient list.
3. Has vitamins and minerals that come from real fruit and vegetable sources, not created in a lab and then added to the food.

Support your German Shepherd’s health by feeding them small meals throughout the day. This will prevent the bloating that German Shepherds are prone to.

3. Exercise and weight control

Like people, dogs need regular exercise to stay healthy—both physically and mentally. For German Shepherds, daily activity increases circulation, improves oxygen intake, strengthens muscles, and helps keep joints limber—especially important for maintaining hip and back health.

German Shepherds are intelligent and high-energy, so exercise also plays a vital role in reducing boredom and curbing destructive behaviors. A well-exercised pup is not only healthier but also calmer and more focused.

One of the most important reasons to stay active? Weight management. Excess weight puts additional strain on your dog’s joints, especially in a breed already prone to hip dysplasia and arthritis. Maintaining a healthy weight through proper nutrition and regular exercise is one of the best things you can do to support your German Shepherd’s long-term health and mobility.

4. Grooming

If you’ve spent time around other German Shepherd owners, you’ve probably heard the same warning: German Shepherds shed—a lot. In fact, one of the most common jokes among breeders is to “buy a better vacuum” before bringing your puppy home.

German Shepherds have a dense double coat that requires regular grooming to manage shedding and maintain coat health. Tools like a de-shedding brush (such as the Furminator) are often recommended, as they can reach the thick undercoat and remove loose hair before it ends up all over your home. Aim to brush your dog at least several times a week, or daily during heavy shedding seasons. Be sure to use de-shedding tools as directed to avoid irritating or damaging your dog’s skin.

When it comes to baths, less is more. Most groomers recommend bathing German Shepherds only once or twice a year, or as needed if they get particularly dirty. Overbathing can strip natural oils from their skin, which may lead to dryness, irritation, or flare-ups of skin issues—a common concern for this breed. Regular brushing, combined with the occasional bath, will help your German Shepherd look and feel their best without compromising their coat or skin health.

5. Vet care

Like with all dogs, regular veterinary care is a must. But it’s even more important for your German Shepherd because of the potential for hereditary joint issues. Take your dog to the vet as often as they suggest.

6. Supplements

Nutritional supplements can be a great way to support your dog’s overall health and wellness. Talk to your veterinarian about safe and beneficial options for your dog’s unique needs. Some supplements may help support areas like joint health, mobility, skin and coat, or digestion. With so many options available, your vet can help you choose high-quality, effective supplements tailored to your dog’s lifestyle, age, and breed.