How to Tell If Your Cat Has a UTI: Common Symptoms and What to Do Next

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in cats are relatively common, especially in adult and senior cats, and they can cause noticeable discomfort if left untreated. Cats are known for hiding signs of illness, so it’s especially important for pet parents to recognize even small changes in behavior or litter box habits. Understanding the early symptoms, what may cause a UTI, and when to contact your veterinarian can help you respond quickly and support your cat’s urinary health.

What Is a UTI in Cats?

A urinary tract infection occurs when bacteria enter and multiply within the urinary system. While some urinary issues in cats stem from inflammation rather than infection, UTIs specifically involve bacterial growth in the bladder or urinary tract. Only a veterinarian can diagnose a UTI, but knowing what to look for at home can help you identify concerning changes early.

Common Signs Your Cat May Have a UTI

Cats often show subtle signs when something isn’t right, so small shifts in routine can be meaningful. These are the most common symptoms pet parents notice:

1. Frequent Trips to the Litter Box

A cat with a UTI may attempt to urinate more often, even if little or no urine is passed. You might see them returning to the litter box repeatedly or staying inside longer than usual.

2. Straining or Vocalizing During Urination

If your cat seems to push, take longer, or meow while urinating, it can indicate discomfort. Straining is one of the most noticeable signs that something may be wrong.

3. Changes in Urine Appearance or Odor

Cloudy urine, strong-smelling urine, or urine that appears pinkish (which may indicate traces of blood) can be signs of a urinary issue.

4. Urinating Outside the Litter Box

Accidents may happen if your cat associates the litter box with discomfort, or if urgency makes it difficult for them to get inside in time. Even well-trained cats may urinate on soft surfaces like rugs, blankets, or laundry.

5. Excessive Grooming

Cats may lick their genital area more often when experiencing discomfort or irritation. Over-grooming can sometimes lead to redness or hair loss around the area.

6. Behavioral Changes

Cats experiencing urinary discomfort may hide more, avoid being picked up, seem irritable, or show changes in energy levels. Subtle shifts in personality can be important clues.

Not every cat shows every symptom, and some signs may be easy to miss. Monitoring litter box habits is one of the most effective ways to stay aware of changes.

Common Causes of UTIs in Cats

While UTIs are less common in young cats, they can occur for several reasons:

• Bacterial Growth: This is the primary cause of a true infection, often resulting from bacteria entering the urinary tract from the surrounding skin or environment.
• Concentrated Urine: Cats who don’t drink enough water may have more concentrated urine, which can increase bacterial growth.
• Litter Box Hygiene: A dirty litter box may contribute to irritation or exposure to bacteria.
• Age-Related Factors: Senior cats may be more prone to UTIs or urinary changes due to natural shifts in their wellness and hydration habits.
• Incomplete Bladder Emptying: If a cat isn’t fully emptying its bladder, bacteria may have more opportunity to multiply.

How Vets Diagnose a UTI in Cats

A veterinarian typically performs a urinalysis to check for the presence of bacteria, pH changes, crystals, or signs of inflammation. They may also send a urine sample for culture and sensitivity testing to identify exactly which bacteria are present. Because urinary issues in cats can have multiple causes, professional diagnosis is essential.

When to See a Veterinarian

Reach out to your vet promptly if you notice:

• Frequent or strained urination
• Blood in the urine
• Urinating outside the litter box
• Signs of pain or distress
• Excessive licking
• Any sudden changes in urination habits

It’s especially important to seek care immediately if your cat is trying to urinate but nothing comes out. This can indicate a serious emergency, particularly in male cats.

Supporting Your Cat’s Urinary Health at Home

While only a veterinarian can diagnose and treat a UTI, you can encourage long-term urinary wellness through simple habits:

• Keep fresh, clean water available at all times
• Maintain a clean litter box to encourage regular use
• Offer multiple litter boxes in multi-cat households
• Monitor litter box routines daily
• Schedule regular wellness visits with your veterinarian
• Provide a calm, stress-free environment to support healthy routines

Being attentive to your cat’s normal behaviors makes it easier to spot changes early and seek timely care.

Supporting Your Cat’s Comfort and Routine

Understanding the early signs of a possible UTI can help you respond quickly and keep your cat comfortable. Even small changes in litter box habits or daily behavior can signal that something needs attention. By monitoring your cat’s routine and contacting your veterinarian when something feels off, you play an important role in supporting their long-term urinary wellness and overall quality of life.