How Do Terpenes Affect Dogs?

Terpenes are naturally occurring compounds found in many plants, including herbs, fruits, and spices. These organic molecules are best known for giving plants their distinctive aromas and flavors. In nature, terpenes serve a variety of roles, from attracting pollinators to protecting plants from environmental stressors. Recognized for their strong, characteristic scents, terpenes are also a key element in many essential oils and plant-based fragrances. 

What are Terpenes? 

Terpenes are aromatic compounds that contribute to the recognizable scents of plants like rosemary, pine, lavender, and citrus. Within plants, they function as part of a natural defense system, helping deter pests, attract pollinators, and support growth and repair. Each terpene has its own distinct scent profile — ranging from floral and citrusy to earthy and woody — and helps create the sensory experience we associate with certain herbs and botanicals. 

When plants are dried or exposed to air, terpenes can oxidize and transform into compounds known as terpenoids, which also contribute to a plant’s aroma and flavor characteristics. Together, terpenes and terpenoids help define the unique aromatic identity of each plant species. 

Common Terpenes Found in Nature 

1. Linalool 

If you’ve ever noticed the gentle floral scent of lavender, you’ve encountered linalool. This terpene is responsible for lavender’s characteristic aroma and is also found in coriander, basil, and mint. Linalool’s pleasant floral profile makes it a popular component in perfumes, candles, and essential oils used for their fragrance. 

2. Myrcene 

Myrcene is one of the most common terpenes in nature, present in plants like hops, thyme, lemongrass, and mangoes. It’s known for its earthy, musky scent, often described as slightly fruity or clove-like. Myrcene contributes to the aromatic complexity of many herbs and is frequently used in fragrance and flavor applications. 

3. Beta-Caryophyllene 

Beta-caryophyllene is a terpene with a warm, spicy scent often found in black pepper, cloves, cinnamon, and oregano. It’s notable for contributing to the peppery aroma of many culinary herbs and spices and is a common ingredient in flavorings and aromatic blends. 

4. Humulene 

Humulene occurs naturally in hops (the same plant that gives beer its distinctive aroma) as well as in cloves, sage, and ginger. Its earthy, slightly woody scent is prized in the fragrance and brewing industries alike. 

5. Pinene 

Pinene is a terpene that gives pine trees, rosemary, and basil their fresh, invigorating aroma. It exists in two main forms, α-pinene and β-pinene, both contributing to the crisp, forest-like scent associated with many evergreen plants. 

6. Geraniol 

Geraniol is a terpene alcohol naturally found in rose, citronella, and palmarosa oils. It’s valued in the fragrance industry for its sweet, floral aroma and is also used to enhance the scent of products like perfumes, candles, and body care formulations. In addition to its aromatic uses, geraniol appears naturally in fruits such as peaches, raspberries, and oranges, contributing to their pleasant flavor profiles.